近年来,中小企业的经营备受关注。受疫情影响,一些中小企业面临生存压力。政策层面考虑到了相关困难,中央政府向地方政府推出了一系列措施,帮助企业度过难关。专家认为,在短期内,疫情将对宏观经济产生一定影响,并将增加中小企业生产经营的压力,但影响是短期的、可控的。从长远来看,中国的经济基本面不会从稳定变好,企业的生产经营活力也不会被暂时的疫情所削弱。
中小企业经营状况据不完全统计,湖北、湖南、广东、山东、上海等20多个省已推迟恢复营业时间。重返工作岗位的延误给许多中小企业带来了压力,尤其是餐饮、娱乐和电影行业的中小企业。此外,在春节假期的流行期间,企业员工能否正常返工对中小企业,尤其是劳动密集型企业至关重要。
199恒大研究院高级研究员罗志恒向英国《金融时报》表示,疫情期间,企业复工、停产停业、收入和现金流中断,但仍需支付租金、工资和利息等刚性支出。同时,业务中断可能导致违约和资金周转困难,特别是对于一些规模小、抗风险能力弱的中小微型企业。民生银行199首席研究员文彬表示,短期内餐饮、旅游、零售等行业受到影响,行业内小微企业收入下降。受疫情影响,一些与疫情防控密切相关的行业和企业,特别是医疗、卫生、卫生和居民生活用品等领域,急需信贷。虽然短期内企业面临压力,但没有必要太担心。国家发展和改革委员会副主任连在2月3日举行的新闻发布会上说,在这一阶段,中国的经济实力、物质基础和应对突发事件的能力在2003年非典时期得到了显著增强。疫情的影响是周期性和暂时性的,不会改变中国经济的长期基本面。
政策准备充分
已经做好了从中央政府到地方政府应对疫情可能影响的充分准备。一方面,出台了延长贷款偿还期、降低小微企业贷款利率等有针对性的金融措施。另一方面,将实施贷款贴现和递延税款支付等金融政策。
具体来说,在金融领域,1月26日,我行保险监督管理委员会下发通知,要求确保金融服务畅通,开辟金融服务绿色通道,加强对防疫工作的金融支持,为困难企业提供金融服务。其中提到“受疫情影响较大的批发零售、住宿餐饮、物流运输、文化旅游等行业,以及有发展前景但暂时陷入困境的企业,不允许盲目贷款、断供或压贷”
2年1月1日,中国人民银行等五部委联合下发了《关于进一步加强金融支持防控新型冠状病毒肺炎的通知》,强调要加大对疫情防控相关领域的信贷支持,同时提到要保持合理、充足的流动性。2月3日,
199央行推出公开市场操作,一天投资1.2万亿元。2月4日,央行又推出了一项公开市场操作,投资5000亿元,两天内总投资1.7万亿元。文彬认为,除了前瞻性地保持合理、充足的流动性,提振市场信心外,央行还将重点引导金融市场利率水平下降,降低资本成本,更好地服务于实体经济发展,提高企业特别是小微企业应对疫情影响的能力。各级财政部门、财政部门继续加大防疫投入截至2020年2月3日零时,各级财政部门共发放防疫补贴资金470亿元。财政部明确表示,将通过财政贴息支持、创业担保贷款贴息、降低担保和再担保率等方式,为重点防控担保企业和疫情波及企业提供金融服务支持。国家税务总局将全国范围内2月份的纳税申报期限延长至2月24日,并根据情况对疫情严重的地区进行适当延长,如湖北省。北京国家会计学院教授李在接受英国《金融时报》采访时表示,这为绝大多数中小企业提供了缓办涉税事宜的空间,缓解了中小企业的后顾之忧,解决了中小企业在税收管理方面的实际困难。
不仅如此,地方政府、商业银行和房地产企业也出台了降低贷款利率、减免租金等措施,帮助小微企业渡过难关。万科、龙湖、华润等开发商宣布了商业项目的租金减免政策。苏州、上海、青岛等地针对目前受疫情影响生产经营困难的中小企业,提出了一些降低企业融资成本、减免租金、减免税收等措施,以减轻企业负担。
有效减轻企业负担
谈到政策如何更好地对冲疫情对中小企业的影响时,罗志恒表示,财政政策和货币政策都应努力真正减轻企业负担
“受疫情影响,债券发行已成为银行信贷之外的重要融资渠道。银行和保险机构应增加债券市场的投资规模,并采取各种措施帮助企业增加直接融资的比例。””文彬说法国兴业银行
199首席经济学家鲁正伟建议,在监管政策方面,应鼓励金融机构在受疫情严重影响的地区积极续贷,同时对监管指标的波动和达标给予一定的容忍度。因疫情和交通管制造成损失的企业,保险企业应当及时赔偿在财政政策方面,罗志恒建议对一季度受疫情严重影响的行业,特别是交通、旅游、餐饮、住宿等行业,适当降低增值税,并以亏损弥补盈利月数,降低所得税基数。进一步降低社会保障缴费率,其中养老保险和医疗保险缴费率可分别降低1%和2%;并将赤字率扩大到3%
李表示,可以考虑财税政策之间的衔接中小企业,尤其是服务企业,在面对疫情时受到了很大的冲击,现金流也很困难。继续以税收抵免为担保,为小微企业提供贷款资金支持,缓解当前中小企业的资金困难。
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"" URL ":" http:\ x2f \u fwww . yidianshin . com \u FMP \u x2f content?Id = 278078624669920”,“我_联盟_范围”:16384,“类别”:“财务”,“形象”:“0oishcmzx”,“上传_形象_ v”:[],“喜欢”:17,“向上”:31,“评论_计数”:22。" auth":true," is_gov":false," content_type":"news "," ctype":"news "," b_political":false," docid ":" 0oithet "," dt type ":1," wemedia_id":88426," enable_top":true," impid ":_ 1582820721664 _ 0y 7 YaRT _ n2n "," detail ":{ " vfactor":"news2news_fromid_rel "," factor ":" news 2news _ fromid _ rel "," trans然而,研究数据显示,这些企业中的绝大多数在过去一年中管理不善、资金问题和流动不灵活。“一波信号传来,中国发布了有关房地产的新消息。财政部长回应了23个字。wm_copyright": "Original "," title_sn":2," source": "Property market指闻"," Author _ DTYPE": "Yidian Hao "," title ":"一波信号袭来,国家发布新的房地产消息。财政部长回应了23个字!“,”URL“:”http:\ x2f \u fwww . yidianshin . com \u FMP \u x2f content?Id=278739666932256,“类别”:“房地产、金融”、“图像”:“0ojuexta7”、“upload _ images _ v”:[],“授权”:真,“is _ gov”:假,“内容_类型”:“新闻”、“ctype”:“新闻”、“b _政治”:假,“docid”:“0ojuex 45”、“d type”:1,“wemedia _ id”:862073,“enable _ top”:真,“par _ title”:“2020年买房”财政部长回应了23个字!"," impid ":_ 1582820721664 _ 0 oy 7 yart _ n2n "," detail ":{ " vfactor ":" NEWS 2 NEWs _ FROM ID _ rel "," factor":"news2news_fromid_rel "," TRANS _ INFO ":{ " MASHTTYPE ":" NEWs-REL "," FACTOR": "NEWS _ FROM ID _ REL"}," POINT": "0OY 7YART: T2072597"}}," DATE ":"昨日","数据源":"一点点点点"央行党委委员、副行长刘国强发表了讲话。会议认为,当前疫情防控正处于最关键的阶段。支持新皇冠肺炎疫情防控与经济社会发展的协调推进是金融体系的重中之重。央行将认真执行稳健的货币政策,更加注重货币政策的精神。资料来源:实用财经,作者_ DTYPE:郝一点,题目:增加5000亿元。央行:将支持农业和小额贷款的利率降至2.5%,“网址”:“HTTP:\ X2F \ X2 FWWW.Yidianzixun.com \ X2FMP \ X2 fccontent?Id = 27862165122752,“我_联盟_范围”:4194304,“类别”:“金融”、“图像”:“0oj97bst2v”、“上传_图像_ v”:[],“喜欢”:1,“授权”:真,“is _ gov”:假。”content_type":"news "," ctype":"news "," b_political":false," docid":"0Oj97BvF "," dt type ":1," wemedia_id":213725," enable_top":true," impid ":_ 1582820721664 _ 0y 7 YaRT _ n2n "," detail ":{ " vfactor":"news2news_fromid_rel "," factor ":" news 2 news _ fromid _ rel "," trans _ info": {"factor ":"信实集团的子公司信实电力向上海电气集团订购了价值数百亿美元的电力设备。几家中国银行为这笔交易提供了总计约10亿美元的融资随着中印之间金融和贸易合作的不断扩大,这成为当时中印之间签署的最大的合同之一。印度首富的兄弟欠下6.8亿美元贷款,三家中国银行起诉收债。Id = 278351806880 ","类别":"金融","形象":" 0oiowudszq "," upload _ images _ v ":[],"向上":5,"评论_计数":334,"喜欢":2,"授权":真," is _ gov ":假。"content_type":"news "," ctype":"news "," b_political":false," docid":"0OioWulD "," dt type ":1," wemedia_id":74562," enable_top":true," impid ":_ 1582820721664 _ 0y 7 YaRT _ n2n "," detail ":{ " vfactor":"news2news_fromid_rel "," factor ":" news 2 news _ fromid _ rel "," trans_info":{"mashtype":"news许多老人回答说他们身体健康。走出去是幸福。一些老人哀叹说,只要他们的孩子孝顺,经常来看望自己,他们甚至是幸福的。事实上,一些老年人一生中没有多少积蓄,但他们有一个良好的心态,并觉得他们有一个非常幸福的生活。而有些人的退休工资是1万元,银行存款是几百万元,《资料来源》:“不执著于财经”,《作者_类型》;《一点好》,《头衔》;“退休后的幸福是多少积蓄?”?你怎么想呢?“,”URL“:”http:\ x2f \u fwww . yidianshin . com \u FMP \u x2f content?Id=278058434490592”,“类别”:“金融”,“图像”:“0oipa0dzn4”,“上传_图像_ v”:[],“向上”:2,“评论_计数”:57,“喜欢”:3,“授权”:真,“is _ gov”:假。”content_type":"news "," ctype":"news "," b_political":false," docid":"0OiPA0Vr "," dt type ":1," wemedia_id":124785," enable_top":true," impid ":_ 1582820721664 _ 0oy 7 YaRT _ n2n "," detail ":{ " vfactor":"news2news_fromid_rel "," factor ":" news 2 news _ fromid _ rel "," trans_info":{"mashtype " "Media _ name ":" Complete Information "," Media _ PIC ":" HTTP:\ X2F \ X2FSI 1.GO2YD.com \ X2 FGET-IMage \ X2F 0WVPUORCMM "," Media _ Summary ":"为您想要查看的信息找到不同的世界"," media_domain": "Other ","标语":" sunny plan _ mark ":" sunny plan _ snnum ":" copy _ right _ mark ":" FromID ":" m 1882003 "," channel_id":"m1882003 "," source _ type "url=0OY7yaDzZH "," title_sn":0," up":0}} window . web monitor & & window . web monitor . sendpvLog(); var _ BDhmPROTOCOL =((((" https:" = = document . location . 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