1自然
武汉市当前暴发的病毒性肺炎是由世界卫生组织命名为2019-nCoV的新冠状病毒引起的,该病毒是通过对病毒的核糖核酸基因组进行测序而确定的在华南海鲜批发市场,许多病人可能会接触到野生动物。家禽、蛇、蝙蝠和其他野生动物也在那里出售
2年1月22日,来自北京大学、广西中医药大学、宁波大学和武汉生物工程学院的020名学者共同攻关。在线发表在《医学病毒学杂志》上,标题为“新鉴定的冠状病毒的棘突糖口蛋白内的同源识别可能促进跨物种“从蛇到人的传播”,为了确定可能的病毒文库,该研究基于新发现的冠状病毒2019-nCoV现有序列,结合不同动物物种之间的相对同义密码子使用偏好(RSCU),进行了全面的序列分析和比较。分析结果显示,2019-nCoV似乎是蝙蝠冠状病毒和未知来源冠状病毒之间的重组病毒重组发生在识别细胞表面受体的病毒尖峰糖蛋白中此外,这项研究的结果表明,与其他动物相比,基于蛇的RSCU偏差是相似的,蛇是携带2019-nCoV病毒的最有可能的野生动物。
总之,结果表明,棘突糖蛋白的同源重组可能有助于蛇与人之间的跨种传播。
在过去的20年里,中国出现了一些新的病毒性疾病,包括1997年的禽流感、2003年的严重急性呼吸综合征(非典)和2013年的严重血小板减少综合征(SFTS)。最近的危机是在中国武汉爆发的不明原因的病毒性肺炎。2019年12月12日,武汉市卫生委员会(WMHC)报告了27例病毒性肺炎,其中7例病情危重。他们都有与华南海鲜批发市场接触的历史,该市场也出售家禽、蝙蝠和蛇。
2年1月3日,武汉市卫生委员会(WMHC)将病例总数更新为44例,其中11例病情危重1月5日,病例数增加到59例,包括7例重症病例根据实验室检测,病毒性肺炎的爆发不是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(非典冠状病毒)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒)、流感病毒或腺病毒引起的。1月10日,据报道,世界卫生组织(世卫组织)通过对病毒的核糖核酸基因组进行测序,鉴定出一种新的冠状病毒,命名为2019-nCoV。更重要的是,一种新发现的病毒也是从一名患者身上分离出来的。
病毒核糖核酸序列的测定使得发展反转录聚合酶链反应方法成为可能,该方法可用于检测患者和潜在宿主样品中的病毒核糖核酸。结果,截至2020年1月20日,217名患者被确认感染了新发现的冠状病毒2019-nCoV,3名患者死亡。总共有14个新的冠状病毒全长序列被释放到GISAID。
冠状病毒科根据其遗传特征由4个属组成,包括α冠状病毒、β冠状病毒、γ冠状病毒和δ冠状病毒在所有的核糖核酸病毒中,冠状病毒的核糖核酸基因组最大(从26到32 kb不等)冠状病毒可以感染哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物,包括人类、猪、牛、马、骆驼、猫、狗、啮齿动物、鸟类、蝙蝠、兔子、雪貂、雪貂、蛇和各种野生动物许多冠状病毒感染是亚临床的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(非典冠状病毒)和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒)属于乙型冠状病毒,是可导致人类严重呼吸系统疾病的人畜共患病原体。
武汉病毒性肺炎的暴发与华南海产品批发市场的暴露有关,表明可能存在人畜共患疾病。海鲜市场也出售活的动物,如蛇、土拨鼠、蝙蝠、鸟、青蛙、刺猬和兔子。没有证据表明特定的野生动物宿主可以被用作疾病库。对病毒与其宿主之间相对同义密码子使用偏好(RSCU)的研究表明,病毒倾向于发展与其宿主相似的密码子偏好。
为了找到潜在的病毒数据库,研究人员进行了全面的序列分析和比较。研究和分析的结果显示,蛇是最有可能导致当前2019年-nCoV感染爆发的野生动物库。更有趣的是,在2019-nCoV的尖峰糖蛋白中发现了来自未知来源的同源重组,这可能解释了蛇向人类的跨物种传播和有限的人际传播。
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